Biomass is a biological material, they derived from living or off- late living organisms such as plants, animals, dead-plant or animals particles. The bio-mass is converted directly or indirectly into various energy forms such as bio fuels. The bio-fuel is also known as mono alkyl esters. The bio-mass can be converted into energy mainly in three methods, Chemical conversion, bio-chemical conversion, and thermal conversion .Bio diesel is an example of bio-fuel. It is also like a petroleum diesel fuel. The production of bio-diesel is from the natural fresh or used vegetable oil and animal fats. Bio- diesel is used for combustion-ignition-engines. Unburned hydrocarbons, carbon-monoxide and other matter harmful to the environment can be reduced by using bio-diesel-fuel.
Bio-gas energy technique is the decomposition of organic waste, like dairy waste, pig waste, food waste, energy crops, Cow dung etc., and severs methane in the absence of oxygen. The bio-gas energy can be used in so many applications in our daily life. It can be also used as a vehicle fuel. The renewable source of bio-gas is produced from the bio-mass. The bio-mass energy produced by the anaerobic digesters. Anaerobic digesters decomposes the biological materials such as plants, animals etc. It can be done in two separate methods. First one is acidogenic bacteria convert bio-mass into a fatty acid and acetic acids. Another step is methanogenic bacteria which arrange the remaining methane is used for natural gas and other phosphorous-nitrogen byproduct is used for fertilization of agriculture.
The two major problems in our day to day life are bunching waste and increment of oil price. The engineers and researchers discuss about this problem and developed a new technology which is bio-fuel production. The mixture of Carbon –di-oxide, Methane, Hydrogen and Sulphor –di-oxide combined in a specific ratio to from a bio-gas/bio-fuel .Production in the absence of oxygen and byproduct is used for fertilization of agriculture. This process is done by the bio - plant. In India the major bio-plant is Goober Plant.
